D4-1 - Summary of investigation into the composition of low-grade hydrogen -

Abstract: TThis report aimed to identify the type and magnitude of impurities introduced into hydrogen during its production, storage and transmission. Key impurities were identified throughout the value chain and evaluated based on their likelihood of entering the hydrogen and impact on low-temperature Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell end-use. In this evaluation, carbon monoxide is the only impurity classified as high risk, and methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrocarbons, and odorants are classified as medium risk with respect to end use in low temperature fuel cells. .